Ancient Egypt has been divided into eight different periods of time. They are, the History of Ancient Egypt (from 3100 to 525 B. C.), the History of Achaemenid Egypt (from 525 B. C. To 332 B. C.), the History of Ptolemaic Egypt (from 332 B. C. To 30 B. C.), the History of Roman Egypt (from 30 B. C. To 639 A. D.), the History of Arab Egypt (639 A. D. To 1517 A. D.), History of Ottoman Egypt (from 1517 to 1805), the History of Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty (from 1805 to 1882), and the History of modern Egypt (from 1882 to the present).

These periods are known as Kingdoms and are divided by periods of instability which is known as Intermediate Periods. Near the end of the last Kingdom, which is called the New Kingdom, civilization of Ancient Egypt began a slow, steady decline. Egypt was taken over by a succession of foreign powers. This ended the rule of the pharaohs around 31 B. C. And the Roman Empire conquered Egypt and Egypt became a province. The location of the country made it very hard for other powers to invade the country so they remained a self controlled country for a long time.

The country was ruled by many foreign powers for about 2,400 years. They were conquered by the Romans, Nubians, Persians, Macedonians, Byzantines, Ottomans, French, and British. During this period, Egypt was independently governed by the Ptolemies, Ikhshidids, Fatimids, Ayyubids, Mamluks, and Muhammad Ali. The rulers of these different governments were not native to Egypt.

Ancient Egypt thrived with the Nile River there for irrigation of their crops in the Nile River Valley. This helped the country develop and grow. The area also had minerals in the valley and in surrounding desert areas. The Ancient Egyptians have achieved a system of mathematics, quarrying, surveying, and construction techniques which give them the education the use to build the pyramids, temples, and obelisks, as well as glass technology. They also have an effective system for medicine, literature, irrigation systems, and production techniques for their agriculture. Ancient Egypt has set the future up for those living in Egypt today, and have made the life of those today much easier through their hard work and knowledge, just as it has been in other countries around the world. We all can thank our ancestors for paving the way for us so that we can have a much easier life as our future children will have.

The ancient Egyptians believed all of their people (except for slaves), to be equal under their laws. Men and women alike were entitled to buy and sell property, marry, divorce, make contracts, and receive inheritances. These practices were not used in other countries such as Rome or Greece, and some more modern countries.